Changes of cell electrical parameters induced by electroporation. A dielectrophoresis study

Dielectrophoresis was employed to distinguish the electroporated from non-electroporated cells. It was found that the electric field frequency at which cells change the direction of their movement (the crossover frequency fCO) is higher when cells are electroporated. The contribution to the cell dielectrophoretic behavior of four electric and geometrical cell parameters was analyzed using a single shell model. fCO measurements were performed in media with conductivities of 0.001–0.09 S/m, on B16F10 cells which were electroporated in a Mannitol solution (0.001 S/m), using rectangular or exponential pulses. The control cells' fCO was found in a domain of 2 to 105 kHz, while the electroporated cells' fCO was in a domain of 5 to 350 kHz, depending on the external media conductivities. At exterior conductivities above ~ 0.02 S/m, fCO of electroporated cells became significantly higher compared to controls. Even though the possible contribution of membrane permittivity to explain the observed fCO shift toward higher values cannot be excluded, the computations highlight the fact that the variation of cytosol conductivity might be the major contributor to the dielectrophoretic behavior change. Our experimental observations can be described by considering a linear dependence of electroporated cells' cytosol conductivity against external conductivity.

Graphical abstractFigure optionsDownload full-size imageDownload high-quality image (323 K)Download as PowerPoint slideHighlights► Dielectrophoresis was employed to characterize the cell electroporation. ► Six electric and geometrical cell parameters were analyzed using a single shell model. ► Model indicates cytosol conductivity as major contributor for porated cell behavior. ► Cytosol conductivity is assumed linearly depending on external buffer conductivity.