Protein modulation of lipids, and vice-versa, in membranes

This review describes: (i) perturbations of the membrane lipids that are induced by integral membrane proteins, and reciprocally, (ii) the effects that the lipids may have on the function of membrane-associated proteins. Topics of the first category that are covered include: stoichiometry and selectivity of the first shell of lipids associated at the intramembranous perimeter of transmembrane proteins; the chain configuration and exchange rates of the first-shell lipids; the effects of transmembrane peptides on transbilayer movement of lipids (flip-flop); the effects of membrane proteins on lipid polymorphism and formation of non-lamellar phases; and the effects of hydrophobic mismatch on lipid chain configuration, phase stability and selectivity of lipid–protein association. Topics of the second category are: the influence of lipid selectivity on conformational changes in the protein; the effects of elastic fluctuations of the lipid bilayer on protein insertion and orientation in membranes; the effects of hydrophobic matching on intramembrane protein–protein association; and the effects of intrinsic lipid curvature on membrane integration, oligomer formation and activity of membrane proteins.