Functions of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus microRNAs

MicroRNAs can modulate gene expression post-transcriptionally by altering mRNA stability and protein translation. Multiple DNA viruses express viral microRNAs and have been shown to modulate expression of host and viral genes. Through various methods of microRNA target identification, we are beginning to understand the various roles of viral miRNAs including viral replication, immune evasion and apoptosis. This review is focused on the roles of microRNAs expressed by Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus or human herpesvirus 8. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: “MicroRNAs in viral gene regulation”.

Research Highlights► KSHV expresses 12 pre-microRNAs during latent and lytic infection. ► Microarrays, sequence analysis of miRNAs, and purification of miRNA:mRNA complexes have been used to find miRNA targets. ► Themes of cellular targets targeted by KSHV miRNAs include: cell cycle regulation, innate immunity, and apoptosis.