Probing the substrate specificity of four different sialyltransferases using synthetic β-d-Galp-(1 → 4)-β-d-GlcpNAc-(1 → 2)-α-d-Manp-(1 → O) (CH2)7CH3 analogues: General activating effect of replacing N-acetylglucosamine by N-propionylglucosamine

The acceptor specificities of ST3Gal III, ST3Gal IV, ST6Gal I and ST6Gal II were investigated using a panel of β-d-Galp-(1 → 4)-β-d-GlcpNAc-(1 → 2)-α-d-Manp-(1 → O)(CH2)7CH3 analogues. Modifications introduced at either C2, C3, C4, C5, or C6 of terminal D-Gal, as well as N-propionylation instead of N-acetylation of subterminal d-GlcN were tested for their influence on the α-2,3- and α-2,6-sialyltransferase acceptor activities. Both ST3Gal enzymes displayed the same narrow acceptor specificity, and only accept reduction of the Gal C2 hydroxyl function. The ST6Gal enzymes, however, do not have the same acceptor specificity. ST6Gal II seems less tolerant towards modifications at Gal C3 and C4 than ST6Gal I, and prefers β-d-GalpNAc-(1 → 4)-β-d-GlcpNAc (LacdiNAc) as an acceptor substrate, as shown by replacing the Gal C2 hydroxyl group with an N-acetyl function. Finally, a particularly striking feature of all tested sialyltransferases is the activating effect of replacing the N-acetyl function of subterminal GlcNAc by an N-propionyl function.