Hepcidin, the iron watcher

Hepcidin, a peptide hormone produced by the liver, constitutes the master regulator of iron homeostasis in mammals allowing iron adaptation according to the body iron needs. In recent years there has been important breakthrough in our knowledge of hepcidin regulation that has also implications for understanding the physiopathology of human iron disorders. Different aspects of hepcidin regulation will be considered in this review, including regulation by the iron status and the BMP6/HJV/SMAD pathway. Hepcidin dysregulation in iron disorders will be also discussed. Although much can already be accomplished for treating iron disorders using the knowledge that has currently been developed, additional issues will be challenging for the coming years.