The structure and phase behaviour of α-tocopherol-rich domains in 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine

The effect of α-tocopherol on the structure and thermotropic phase behaviour of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine dispersed in excess water was examined by synchrotron X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. Small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering intensity profiles were recorded from mixed dispersions containing up to 20 mol% α-tocopherol during temperature scans over the range 10–75 °C. These showed that a domain enriched in α-tocopherol phase separated from pure phospholipid in the mixture. This domain tends to have inverted hexagonal structure which coexists with phospholipid bilayers depleted of α-tocopherol. The scattering intensity and dimensions of the phase are dependent on the temperature and proportion of α-tocopherol in the mixture. Phase separations were also manifest in calorimetric scans of the mixed dispersions evidenced from the appearance of multiple peaks at temperatures corresponding to transitions observed in the X-ray scattering experiments. The effect of α-tocopherol in the range 0–20 mol% on the phase behaviour and structure of the phospholipid as observed from the X-ray scattering and calorimetric results have been used to construct a partial phase diagram of the mixture in the temperature range 10–75 °C. This shows that α-tocopherol has a marked tendency to partition from bilayers of the phospholipid to form an enriched domain in which the phospholipid assumes a hexagonal-II structure.