Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
1965335 | Clinica Chimica Acta | 2015 | 11 Pages |
Abstract
Interferon-γ (IFN-γ), the sole member in type II IFN predominantly secreted by macrophages and T cells, is a critical regulator of immune function and provides a robust first line of defense against invading pathogens. Binding of IFN-γ to its receptor complex can activate a variety of downstream signaling pathways, particularly the Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT), to induce gene transcription within the target cells. This pro-inflammatory mediator is highly expressed in atherosclerotic lesions and promotes foam cell formation, but its effects on the atherogenesis are complex, with both pro- and anti-atherogenic properties. IFN-γ also contributes to the development of myocardial infarction and stroke, the two main atherosclerotic diseases. Inhibition of IFN-γ signaling may prevent the development of atherosclerosis and help treat atherosclerotic diseases. Since IFN-γ may also exert anti-atherogenic effects, the safety and efficacy of anti-IFN-γ treatment still require careful evaluation in the clinical setting. In the current review, we summarize recent progression on regulation and signaling pathways of IFN-γ, and highlight its roles in foam cell formation, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction as well as stroke. An increased understanding of these processes will help to develop novel IFN-γ-centered therapies for atherosclerotic diseases.
Keywords
inducible protein-10SRSIFN-γTLRNF-κBACAT1VSMCSOCSNOD2IP-10PKCIFNGRBLIMP-1Bcl-6Ox-LDLB lymphocyte-induced maturation protein-1PI3KsNucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2TGF-βMMPmiRNAsLPSERKABCA1Janus kinaseATP-binding cassette transporter A1AtherosclerosisSTATMyocardial infarctionapolipoprotein EApo Einterferon-γinterleukinSERtransforming growth factor-βtumor necrosis factor-αTyrTyrosineToll-like receptormicroRNAssuppressor of cytokine signalingSerineVascular smooth muscle cellFoam cellsStrokeTNF-αnuclear factor-κBOxidized low-density lipoproteinlipopolysaccharidematrix metalloproteinaseSignal transducer and activator of transcriptionProtein kinase CJAKextracellular signal-regulated kinaseGasIFN-γ receptorScavenger receptors
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Authors
Xiao-Hua Yu, Jian Zhang, Xi-Long Zheng, Yun-Hua Yang, Chao-Ke Tang,