Mitigation and detection of spurious potassium and sodium results

Spurious laboratory results are results that are analytically correct but do not accurately reflect the in vivo plasma analyte concentrations. Spurious electrolyte results often lead to unnecessary testing or injudicious treatment and have an adverse effect on patient outcome. In this review we discuss the preanalytical and analytical variables that lead to spurious sodium and potassium results. We describe ways to detect them both in the laboratory and in clinical practice and suggest how to prevent them.