Acute kidney injury and lung dysfunction: A paradigm for remote organ effects of kidney disease?

An increasing body of evidence suggests that the deleterious effects of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) on remote organ function could, at least in part, be due to loss of the normal balance of immune, inflammatory, and soluble mediator metabolism that attends injury of the tubular epithelium. Such dysregulation, acting at least in part on endothelium, leads to compromise of remote organ function. Kidney–lung interaction in the setting of AKI therefore constitutes not only a pressing clinical problem, but also an illuminating framework in which to consider possible mechanisms by which renal diseases exert such deleterious effects on patient outcomes, even when dialysis is provided.