Lipid-Induced Conformational Switch Controls Fusion Activity of Longin Domain SNARE Ykt6

SummaryWhile most SNAREs are permanently anchored to membranes by their transmembrane domains, the dually lipidated SNARE Ykt6 is found both on intracellular membranes and in the cytosol. The cytosolic Ykt6 is inactive due to the autoinhibition of the SNARE core by its longin domain, although the molecular basis of this inhibition is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that unlipidated Ykt6 adopts multiple conformations, with a small population in the closed state. The structure of Ykt6 in complex with a fatty acid suggests that, upon farnesylation, the Ykt6 SNARE core forms four α helices that wrap around the longin domain, forming a dominantly closed conformation. The fatty acid, buried in a hydrophobic groove formed between the longin domain and its SNARE core, is essential for maintaining the autoinhibited conformation of Ykt6. Our study reveals that the posttranslationally attached farnesyl group can actively regulate Ykt6 fusion activity in addition to its anticipated membrane-anchoring role.

► The structure of full-length longin SNARE Ykt6 in complex with lipid has been solved ► Farnesylated Ykt6 forms a lipid- and SNARE core-dependent auto-inhibited conformation ► The SNARE core adopts a distinct multihelical conformation in farnesylated Ykt6 ► Posttranslationally attached lipid actively regulates Ykt6 SNARE assembly activity