Biological properties and functional determinants of the urotensin II receptor

The urotensin II receptor (UT) is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family and binds the cyclic undecapeptide urotensin II (U-II) as well as the octapeptide urotensin II-related peptide (URP). The active UT mediates pleiotropic effects through various signal transduction pathways, including coupling to G proteins and activating the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Several highly conserved residues and motifs of class A GPCRs that are important for activity are found in UT. This review highlights some of the putative roles of these motifs in the binding, activation and desensitization of UT.