Role of endogenous amylin in glucagon secretion and gastric emptying in rats demonstrated with the selective antagonist, AC187

Amylin is a 37-amino acid polypeptide co-secreted with insulin from the pancreatic β-cells. It complements insulin's stimulation of the rate of glucose disappearance (Rd) by slowing the rate of glucose appearance (Ra) through several mechanisms, including an inhibition of mealtime glucagon secretion and a slowing of gastric emptying. To determine if endogenous amylin tonically inhibits these processes, we studied the effects of the amylin receptor blocker AC187 upon glucagon secretion during euglycemic, hyperinsulinemic clamps in Sprague-Dawley® (HSD) rats, upon gastric emptying in HSD rats, and upon gastric emptying and plasma glucose profile in hyperamylinemic, and genetically obese, Lister Albany/NIH rats during a glucose challenge. Amylin blockade increased glucagon concentration, accelerated gastric emptying of liquids, and resulted in an exaggerated post-challenge glycemia. These data collectively indicate a physiologic role for amylin in glucose homeostasis via mechanisms that include regulation of glucagon secretion and gastric emptying.