Crystal Structure of the Human Retinitis Pigmentosa 2 Protein and Its Interaction with Arl3

SummaryThe crystal structure of human retinitis pigmentosa 2 protein (RP2) was solved to 2.1 Å resolution. It consists of an N-terminal β helix and a C-terminal ferredoxin-like α/β domain. RP2 is functionally and structurally related to the tubulin-specific chaperone cofactor C. Seven of nine known RP2 missense mutations identified in patients are located in the β helix domain, and most of them cluster to the hydrophobic core and are likely to destabilize the protein. Two residues, Glu138 and the catalytically important Arg118, are solvent-exposed and form a salt bridge, indicating that Glu138 might be critical for positioning Arg118 for catalysis. RP2 is a specific effector protein of Arl3. The N-terminal 34 residues and β helix domain of RP2 are required for this interaction. The abilitities of RP2 to bind Arl3 and cause retinitis pigmentosa seem to be correlated, since both the R118H and E138G mutants show a drastically reduced affinity to Arl3.