Article ID Journal Published Year Pages File Type
2031629 Trends in Biochemical Sciences 2013 6 Pages PDF
Abstract

•ATRX with DAXX deposits the variant histone H3.3 at repetitive DNA.•Mutations in ATRX cause loss of α globin gene expression and α thalassaemia.•ATRX mutations are associated with cancers that exhibit ALT.•A replication defect may be the common pathway for these pathologies.

The regulation of chromatin structure is of paramount importance for a variety of fundamental nuclear processes, including gene expression, DNA repair, replication, and recombination. The ATP-dependent chromatin-remodelling factor ATRX (α thalassaemia/mental retardation X-linked) has emerged as a key player in each of these processes. Exciting recent developments suggest that ATRX plays a variety of key roles at tandem repeat sequences within the genome, including the deposition of a histone variant, prevention of replication fork stalling, and the suppression of a homologous recombination-based pathway of telomere maintenance. Here, we provide a mechanistic overview of the role of ATRX in each of these processes, and propose how they may be connected to give rise to seemingly disparate human diseases.

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