Thermal factors influencing detection of Vibrio vulnificus using real-time PCR

Five thermal factors, including initial denaturation temperature, cycling denaturation temperature, annealing temperature, extension temperature and the temperature at which the intensity of the fluorescent signal is read, were evaluated for their effects on the detection of Vibrio vulnificus via real-time PCR. Fluorescent signal detection after extension was set between the Tm value of the primer-dimers (79 °C) and that of the PCR target amplicons (84 °C). This effectively eliminated the overestimation of the yield of PCR amplicons due to the presence of primer-dimers which otherwise led to erroneously lower Ct values (1.91 ± 0.22 cycles lower). The annealing and extension steps were combined to convert a three-step PCR to a two-step PCR. This consisted of initial denaturation at 95 °C for 3 min, cycling denaturation at 94 °C for 15 s and a combined annealing and extension step at 60 °C for 5 s in each PCR cycle. One genomic target per real-time PCR reaction was detected with the simplified two-step PCR.