Isoniazid

Generic and additional names: isonicotinic acid hydrazide; isonicotinoylhydrazine; isonicotinylhydrazine; INH; rimitsid; tubazidCAS name: pyridine-4-carbohydrazideCAS registry #: 54-85-3Molecular formula: C6H7N3OMolecular weight: 137.14Intellectual property rights: Generic. First synthesized in 1912, first used clinically in 1952.Brand names: Cotinazin (Pfizer); Dinacrin (Winthrop); Ditubin (Schering); Hycozid (Takeda); Iscotin (Daiichi); Isobicina (Maggioni); Isocid (CID); Isolyn (Abbott); Isonex (Dumex); Isonizida (Bial); Isozid (Fatol); Laniazid (Lannett); Mybasan (Antigen); Neoteben (Bayer); Nicizina (Pfizer); Niconyl (Parke-Davis); Nicotibina (Lapetit); Nydrazid (Bristol-Myers Squibb); Pycazide (Smith & Nephew); Pyricidin (Nepera); Rimifon (Roche); Tibinide (Ferrosan); Tubilysin (Orion)Derivatives: Isoniazid 4-aminosalicylateIsoniazid 4-pyridinecarboxylic acid 2-(sulfomethyl) Isoniazid methanesulfonate sodium (derivative)Solubility: Solubility in water: ∼14% at 25ºC, ∼26% at 40ºC; in ethanol: ∼2% at 25ºC, ∼10% in boiling ethanol; in chloroform: ∼0.1%. Practically insoluble in ether, benzene [Merck Index].Polarity: Log P −0.64Acidity/basicity: pH of a 1% aqueous solution 5.5 to 6.5 [Merck Index]Melting point: 171.4ºC [DrugBank]Formulation and optimal human dosage: 5 mg/kg for adults, 10–20 mg/kg for children. Adult dosing generally 300 mg capsule administered orally, once daily; or 15 mg/kg up to 900 mg/day, two or three times/week, ideally dose administered one hour before or two hours after a meal. Concomitant administration of pyridoxine (B6) recommended for malnourished patients, adolescents, and those predisposed to neuropathy (e.g. diabetic).Can also be given intramuscularly or intravenously [DrugBank].Figure optionsDownload full-size imageDownload high-quality image (7 K)Download as PowerPoint slide