Micropropagation of Embryogenic Callus of Oil Palm (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq.) Using Temporary Immersion System

Tissue culture technique has been used to produce elite oil palm clonal materials in commercial scale. Proliferation of embryogenic callus in oil palm commonly utilizes solid and liquid medium, but the result are still not optimum. Recently, researchers have developed an improved technique called Temporary Immersion System (TIS) and this technique has shown great potential to increase proliferation rate of the embryogenic callus. This research can be divided into two groups i.e. selection of liquid medium using shaker to increase the proliferation rate and proliferation of embryogenic callus using TIS. The objectives of this research are to obtain the best medium for increasing embryogenic proliferation rate using shaker and to obtain the best medium and time interval of immersion to increase the proliferation rate using TIS. Approximately 0.3 g of embryogenic callus from embryoid-line A1 were weighted and cultured in twenty two types of liquid medium for the first research and two types of medium with the composition of MSD and MSA for the second research. The proliferation rate based on fresh weight obtained from week 8 observations. The data was analysed with Anova of F (α = 5%) and then with DMRT in α = 5%. TIS observation was done every 1 h, 3 h, 6 h of immersion time with time interval of 3 min. The results showed that the best medium composition to increase proliferation of embryogenic callus using shaker was MSA9, the best medium composition to increase proliferation of embryogenic callus using TIS was MSD, and the best time interval of immersion was every 3 h for 3 min.