Determining the energy performance of manually controlled solar shades: A stochastic model based co-simulation analysis

•Driving factor for adjustment of manually controlled solar shades was determined.•A stochastic model for manual solar shades was constructed using Markov method.•Co-simulation with Energyplus was carried out in BCVTB.•External shading even manually controlled should be used prior to LOW-E windows.•Previous studies on manual solar shades may overestimate energy savings.

Solar shading devices play a significant role in reducing building energy consumption and maintaining a comfortable indoor condition. In this paper, a typical office building with internal roller shades in hot summer and cold winter zone was selected to determine the driving factor of control behavior of manual solar shades. Solar radiation was determined as the major factor in driving solar shading adjustment based on field measurements and logit analysis and then a stochastic model for manually adjusted solar shades was constructed by using Markov method. This model was used in BCVTB for further co-simulation with Energyplus to determine the impact of the control behavior of solar shades on energy performance. The results show that manually adjusted solar shades, whatever located inside or outside, have a relatively high energy saving performance than clear-pane windows while only external shades perform better than regularly used LOW-E windows. Simulation also indicates that using an ideal assumption of solar shade adjustment as most studies do in building simulation may lead to an overestimation of energy saving by about 16–30%. There is a need to improve occupants’ actions on shades to more effectively respond to outdoor conditions in order to lower energy consumption, and this improvement can be easily achieved by using simple strategies as a guide to control manual solar shades.

Graphical abstractFigure optionsDownload full-size imageDownload as PowerPoint slide