Non-destructive building investigation through analysis of GPR signal by S-transform

•The ability to study waveforms in frequency variation domain using S-transform•The GPR method in conjunction with the 3D S-transform analysis.•3D radargram can be used for cost-effective, non-destructive building investigation.•The possibility of using 3D S-transform to detect sinkholes in geological structures

The aim of the paper is to present one, two and three-dimensional S-transforms. The paper also shows the ability to study one, two and three-dimensional waveforms in frequency variation domain in each dimension using S-transform. 3D S-transform is an innovative concept, originally developed by the authors, which allows the study of 3D data, such as radargram from a ground penetrating radar. 3D radargram can be also used for cost-effective, non-destructive building investigation in order to ensure the high quality of the works and the detection of damage caused in building construction. The paper also presents the possibility of using 3D S-transform to look for sinkholes in geological structures.