Qualitative in situ analysis of multiple solid‐state forms using spectroscopy and partial least squares discriminant modeling

This study used in situ spectroscopy to reveal the multiple solid‐state forms that appear during isothermal dehydration. Hydrate forms of piroxicam and carbamazepine (CBZ) were investigated on hot‐stage at different temperatures using near‐infrared (NIR) and Raman spectroscopy combined with multivariate modeling. Variable temperature X‐ray powder diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and Karl Fisher titrimetry were used as reference methods. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA) was performed to qualitatively evaluate the phase transition. It was shown that the constructed PLS‐DA models, where spectral differences were directly correlated to solid‐state modifications, enabled differentiation between the multiple forms. Qualitative analysis revealed that during dehydration, hydrates, such as CBZ dihydrate, may go through several solid‐state forms, which must be considered in quantitative model construction. This study demonstrates that in situ analysis can be used to monitor the dehydration and reveal associated solid‐state forms prior to quantification. The utility of the complementary spectroscopic techniques, NIR and Raman, have been shown. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association J Pharm Sci 96: 1802-1820, 2007