Theoretical and experimental vibrational study of miconazole and its dimers with organic acids: Application to the IR characterization of its inclusion complexes with cyclodextrins

The geometry, frequency and intensity of the vibrational bands of miconazole were derived from the density functional theory (DFT) calculations with the hybrid functional B3LYP and the 6-31G(d) basis set. Starting from the fully AM1 optimized geometries of miconazole/βCD/acids complexes, the miconazole/acid dimers were reoptimized at the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level. Three acids were studied: maleic, fumaric and l-tartaric acids. To begin with the vibrational spectral data obtained from solid phase in mid FT-IR spectrum of miconazole and its dimers are assigned based on the results of the normal modes calculations. All the observed spectra and the calculated ones are found to be in good agreement. In a second step, theoretical results allowed the assignment of FT-IR spectrum for the miconazole/HPγCD inclusion complex produced by supercritical carbon dioxide treatment and confirmed the inclusion of miconazole. The experimental spectra for the miconazole/HPγCD/acids complexes prepared by supercritical carbon dioxide processing were also assigned using theoretical results. The results confirmed the presence of a genuine inclusion complex and also the interaction between miconazole and the acid.