| Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2539262 | Fitoterapia | 2010 | 7 Pages |
The objective of this study was to evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of proanthocyanidin A-1 (PAA-1) from leaves of Rhododendron spiciferum (Ericaceae). In vitro tests showed that PAA-1 stimulated cell proliferation of splenocytes and peritoneal macrophages significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity of natural killer (NK) cells and increased CD4+ and CD8+ cell populations. PAA-1 also regulated the expression of Th1- and Th2-related cytokines. Moreover, this study showed that PAA-1 exhibited a significant effect on NBT dye reduction and lysosomal enzyme activity responses in macrophages, indicating effective phagocytic activation. These results revealed that PAA-1 exhibits immunomodulatory activity without a clear dose response.
Graphical abstractProanthocyanidin A-1 was first isolated from Rhododendron spiciferum. It exhibited immunomodulatory activities with respect to activated splenocytes and peritoneal macrophages, enhanced the cytotoxicity of natural killer cells in vitro.Figure optionsDownload full-size imageDownload as PowerPoint slide
