Broad-spectrum amino acid-sensing class C G-protein coupled receptors: Molecular mechanisms, physiological significance and options for drug development

In this article, we consider the molecular mechanisms that underlie broad-spectrum amino acid sensing by a discrete subgroup of class C G-protein-coupled receptors that includes the calcium-sensing receptor, GPRC6A and heterodimers composed of two closely related receptor subunits, T1R1 and T1R3. We consider their physiological significance highlighting their diverse spectrum of cellular responses and the phenotypes of global and conditional knock-out mice. In addition, we consider strategies for the development of new drugs that target these receptors.