Treatment of Central Venous Obstruction in the Dialysis Patient: Patient Considerations and Treatment Options

Central venous occlusive (CVD) disease is a prevalent and clinically significant problem in the management of access for hemodialysis (HD) patients. CVD is diagnosed through a combination of clinical and imaging findings, including a past history of central venous catheter placement, physical examination, and contrast venography. Endovascular intervention is the first line of treatment in HD patients with CVD.