Zespół tylnej odwracalnej encefalopatii w przebiegu leczenia indukcyjnego ostrej białaczki limfoblastycznej u 4-letniego dziecka - opis przypadku

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is defined as an episode of acute neurological symptoms such as: headache, visual changes, mental changes, seizures associated with characteristic symmetric lesions localized usually in posterior cerebral white and grey matter seen on neuroimaging scans (computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging). In most cases symptoms resolve without neurological consequences. We present a case of 4 year-old girl with acute neurological symptoms which occurred during an induction therapy of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Based on neurological symptoms (visual changes, behavioral changes and seizures) and specific lesions detected on computerized tomography scans and accompanied by hypertension as well as acute renal failure PRES was diagnosed. Knowledge of clinical symptoms and typical radiological lesions characteristic for PRES can be helpful in differentiation with others neurological states seen in a child with acute leukemia such as central nervous system (CNS) involvement or CNS bleeding.