Genetic Tests to Identify Risk for Breast Cancer

ObjectivesTo describe the currently available genetic tests that identify hereditary risk for breast cancer.Data SourcesSystematic review of scientific literature, clinical practice guidelines, and data published by test manufacturers.ConclusionChanges in gene patent laws and advances in sequencing technologies have resulted in rapid expansion of genetic testing. While BRCA1/2 are the most recognized genes linked to breast cancer, several laboratories now offer multi-gene panels to detect many risk-related mutations.Implications for Nursing PracticeGenetic testing will be increasingly important in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of breast cancer. Oncology and advanced practice nurses must understand risk factors, significance of various genetic tests, and patient counseling.