Structures, luminescence and vibrational spectroscopy of europium and terbium nitro- and dinitro-substituted benzoates. Nitro groups as quenchers of Ln3+ luminescence

The nitro-substituted benzoates Ln(NBenz)3·nH2O, Ln(DNBenz)3·nH2O, Ln(NBenz)3·L·nH2O and Ln(DNBenz)3·L·nH2O (Ln = Eu, Tb; NBenz = 2- and 4-nitrobenzoate anions, DNBenz = 3,5- and 2,5-dinitrobenzoate anions; L = Phen and Bpy) were investigated by methods of luminescence and vibrational Raman and IR spectroscopy. The crystal structures of [Eu(4-NBenz)3·(H2O)2]·0.5H2O and [Eu2(4-NBenz)6·Bpy2·(H2O)2]·2H2O (1) were solved by X-ray diffraction methods. Known structural data for lanthanide nitrobenzoates are analyzed. The influence of NO2 groups located in different positions of benzene ring on the structure of Ln3+ coordination centre and on processes of the excitation energy transfer to Ln3+ ion was studied. The presence of electron-withdrawing nitro groups at aromatic ring of the ligand dramatically decreases Eu3+ and Tb3+ luminescence efficiencies. This fall amounts to factor ∼102 in comparison with europium and terbium benzoates. Low sensitization efficiency of Ln3+ luminescence in nitrobenzoates is caused by a dissipation of the excitation energy through the ligand Snπ* excited state corresponding to transition between the NO2 oxygen lone pairs orbital and the π* orbital of nitrobenzoate ligand. A low energy of the ligand Tnπ* state in comparison with Tb3+5D4 state makes for a supplementary reduction of the sensitization of Tb3+ luminescence. In ternary compounds, an interligand energy transfer from the Phen or Bpy molecule to nitrobenzoate anion with following quenching due to the nitrobenzoate non-radiative relaxation is observed.

Graphical abstractFigure optionsDownload full-size imageDownload as PowerPoint slideHighlights► NO2 groups at the ligand decrease the Ln3+ luminescence efficiency by a factor of ∼102. ► The quenching of Ln3+ luminescence depends on position of NO2 group at the ligand. ► An energy transfer from Phen (Bpy) to nitrobenzoate with following quenching is observed. ► A low-lying ligand triplet state is responsible for an additional quenching of Tb3+ luminescence. ► A structure of Eu3+ and Tb3+ luminescence centers in nitrobenzoates is determined.