Simplified approaches to viscoelastic rolling resistance

Modeling approaches yielding rolling resistance estimates for rigid spheres (and cylinders) on viscoelastic layers of finite thicknesses are introduced as lower-cost alternatives to more comprehensive solution-finding strategies. Detailed examples are provided to illustrate the capabilities of the different approaches over their respective ranges of validity.

► Simplified approaches for 3D rolling resistance: rigid sphere on viscoelastic layer. ► No limitations on linear viscoelastic model or how thin the layer is. ► Approaches constitute low-cost alternatives to more comprehensive solution strategies. ► Numerical examples illustrate their capabilities over their ranges of validity. ► Rolling resistance estimates of suitable accuracy to many engineering applications.