Peripartum Cardiomyopathy in Africa: Challenges in Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Therapy

Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a form of heart failure affecting women of childbearing age, which can be associated with considerable mortality and chronic debilitating disease. Most patients present with acute postpartal heart failure that resembles the clinical presentation of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Historically, patients with PPCM have shown high rates of rapid recovery, with 6-month recovery rates averaging at 50%. However, recent prospective long-term follow-up of patients with PPCM in developing societies suggest recovery occurring only well into the second year after diagnosis, and recovery is poorly predicted by baseline left ventricular function. Beyond any potentially inherent factors contributing to poorer outcomes of patients with PPCM in developing societies, prognosis in these settings will continue to lag behind as the challenges faced to optimizing diagnosis remain immense. New insights into the role of inflammatory, apoptotic, and other genetic pathways may improve prognosis through the early detection and more targeted treatment of PPCM.