Tratamiento de las dislipemias en situaciones especiales

Comorbidity can be defined as the occurrence in a particular patient of a number of diseases that are not related to the principal diagnosis and which have substantial implications for the risk of death, clinical outcomes, the development of complications, functional class, the period of hospitalization and treatment intensity. Comorbidity is frequently present in patients with dyslipidemia and, as with other patients, it leads to alterations in the care received. It is important that the cardiologist is aware of both the indications for treatment and treatment objectives in the different clinical contexts in which dyslipidemic patients can present, not only with respect to the patient's overall risk but also with regard to the presence of other conditions, such as diabetes, metabolic syndrome or chronic kidney disease, and in commonly encountered specific clinical situations involving, for example, acute coronary syndrome, heart failure, transplantation, autoimmune disease or infectious disease, such as human immunodeficiency virus infection. It is also important to have an understanding of the principle characteristics of the more common forms of familial hyperlipidemia because they are associated with a high cardiovascular risk and because the evidence indicates that early diagnosis and treatment can have a substantial effect on prognosis.