Farmacología de los ácidos grasos omega-3

Epidemiological and clinical trials have shown that the consumption of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), derived from seafood and plant sources reduces the incidence of fatal coronary artery disease and death due to arrhythmia. Recently, a food supplement containing a 90% concentration of omega-3 fatty acids (i.e., EPA and DHA) in the form of ethyl esters (Omacor®) has been licensed for use as an adjunct to dietary modification for the reduction of hypertriglyceridemia in adults and as an adjuvant to standard medical treatment for the secondary prevention of myocardial infarction. In this article, we review firstly the chemical structure of omega-3 fatty acids, and the pharmacological actions and mechanisms through which they may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Thereafter, we discuss the pharmacokinetics, safety profile, and the recommendations made in several guidelines concerning the use of EPA+DHA supplements or Omacor® in patients with cardiovascular disease.