Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
3065022 | Journal of Neuroimmunology | 2009 | 8 Pages |
Abstract
Apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like 3G (APOBEC3G) has recently been identified as a potent antiviral protein. Here, we examined the expression and regulation of APOBEC3G in human brain tissues and the cells of central nervous system (CNS). Similar to the immune cells, human brain tissue and the CNS cells expressed APOBEC3G at both mRNA and protein levels. The expression of APOBEC3G could be up-regulated in human neuronal cells (NT2-N) and astrocytes (U87-MG) by interferons (IFN-α, β and γ), interleukin-1 (IL-1), and tumor necrosis factor. Other cytokines (IL-4, IL-6 and transforming growth factor beta1) and CC-chemokines (CCL3, 4 and 5), however, had little impact on the expression of APOBEC3G. In addition, pseudotyped HIV-1 infection and cytokine/chemokine-enriched supernatants from lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophage cultures induced APOBEC3G expression in NT2-N cells. APOBEC3G expressed in the neuronal cells and astrocytes was biologically functional, as the suppression of APOBEC3G expression by the specific siRNA led to increase of pseudotyped HIV-1 replication in these cells. These findings provide direct and compelling evidence that there is intracellular expression and regulation of functional APOBEC3G in the neuronal cells, which may be one of innate defense mechanisms involved in the neuronal protection in the CNS.
Keywords
NMDADSUhEGFCCL3APOBEC3GIMDMNPCCcl5IFN-γN-methyl-d-aspartateIL-1βPBLCCl4IFN-βIFN-αIL-4LPSIL-6FBSDMEMTGF-β1BDNFDulbecco's modified Eagle's mediumAstrocytesinterferoninterferon alphaInterferon betainterleukin-4interleukin-6Interleukin-1 betatransforming growth factor beta1tumor necrosis factor alphaCNSRetinoic acidfetal calf serumNeural precursor cellbrain microvascular endothelial cellsCytokineHuman epidermal growth factorBrain-derived neurotrophic factorTNF-αperipheral blood lymphocyteslipopolysaccharideNeuronHIV-1Human immunodeficiency virus type 1Interferon gamma
Related Topics
Life Sciences
Immunology and Microbiology
Immunology
Authors
Yan-Jian Wang, Xu Wang, Hui Zhang, Lin Zhou, Shi Liu, Dennis L. Kolson, Li Song, Li Ye, Wen-Zhe Ho,