Article ID Journal Published Year Pages File Type
3065496 Journal of Neuroimmunology 2007 10 Pages PDF
Abstract

Patients with relapsing–remitting (RR) and secondary progressive (SP) forms of multiple sclerosis (MS), although in long-term clinical remission, showed different patterns of increased expressions of the activation markers: CD69, CD40L, and both membrane/surface and cytoplasmic CTLA-4 (mCTLA-4 and cCTLA-4, respectively) in freshly isolated peripheral blood (PB) CD4+ T cells compared with controls. Also observed were dysregulated responses to ex vivo stimulation in both groups of MS patients accompanied by increased IFN-gamma synthesis. Our findings may suggest that the mechanisms leading to each clinical form of the disease may be heterogeneous.

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