Clinical efficacy and cytokine network-modulating effects of tacrolimus in myasthenia gravis

To clarify the long-term efficacy, safety and the cytokine network-modulating effects of tacrolimus in myasthenia gravis, medical records of 86 newly diagnosed consecutive patients and nine steroid-dependent patients were retrospectively reviewed, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were cultured for the cytokine profile. Steroid reduction effects were observed by using tacrolimus, and no serious adverse effects were observed. The culture study showed reduced IL-12, IL-17, IFN-γ, GM-CSF, TNF-α and MIP-1β, and elevated IL-10 in the PBMC from patients who received tacrolimus, which suggests inhibition of T cells and macrophages, and enhancement of type 1 regulatory T cells.