Abdominal Compartment Syndrome: Clinical Aspects and Monitoring

Markedly elevated intra-abdominal pressures will result in predictable hemodynamic consequences related to compromised venous return. When the hemodynamic abnormalities are associated with organ dysfunction of failure, patients suffer from the abdominal compartment syndrome. At-risk patients should be routinely monitored for intra-abdominal hypertension, and a multidisciplinary care paradigm should be established. Vigorous resuscitation of both surgical and medical patients highly correlates with IAH and ACS risk. Vigilance, prompt diagnosis, and intervention for abdominal compartment syndrome will reduce the morbidity and mortality in critically ill. Future challenges include altering resuscitation strategies to reduce ascites formation, earlier diagnosis of organ dysfunction, and intra-organ monitoring techniques.