Article ID Journal Published Year Pages File Type
3113647 Medicina Intensiva 2010 9 Pages PDF
Abstract

ResumenObjetivoAnalizar la evidencia actual sobre el control de la glucemia con insulina en el paciente crítico.La hiperglucemia de estrés incrementa la morbimortalidad en el paciente crítico y se ha reconocido a la variabilidad de la glucemia como un predictor independiente de mortalidad. Inicialmente, los estudios Leuven han demostrado que el control estricto de la glucemia es capaz de reducir la mortalidad en pacientes críticos médicos y quirúrgicos. Sin embargo, esta estrategia terapéutica incrementa de modo significativo la incidencia de hipoglucemia grave. Recientemente, se han publicado los estudios Efficacy of Volume Substitution and Insulin Therapy in Severe Sepsis, GluControl y Normoglycemia in Intensive Care Evaluation and Survival Using Glucose Algorithm Regulation, los que han demostrado que el control estricto de la glucemia incrementa la mortalidad y la incidencia de hipoglucemia grave. Asimismo, un reciente metaanálisis indica que el control estricto de la glucemia podría ser beneficioso en pacientes críticos quirúrgicos. Futuras investigaciones deberían ser capaces de responder algunos interrogantes importantes surgidos a partir de los diferentes estudios existentes.

ObjectiveTo analyze the current evidence on glycemic control with insulin therapy in the critically ill.Recent findings: Stress hyperglycemia in critically ill patients has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, current evidence suggests that glucose variability has a predictive value for hospital mortality. Initially, the Leuven studies showed that intensive insulin therapy was capable of reducing the mortality among surgical and medical ICU patients. Nevertheless, this strategy significantly increases the incidence of severe hypoglycemia.Three important trials on glucose control have been published recently: the VISEP, the Glucontrol study and the NICE-SUGAR. They have shown that strict control of glycemia is associated with a higher incidence of mortality and severe hypoglycemia. Furthermore, according to a recent meta-analysis, intensive insulin therapy may be beneficial for patients admitted to a surgical ICU. Further studies should be able to address some queries about these results on glycemic control in the critically ill.

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