An Indian perspective on gnathic osteosarcoma: A comprehensive literature review of the last three decades

ObjectiveIn this review a meta-analysis of demographics, clinicopathologic features, histopathology, treatment aspects and future strategies of gnathic osteosarcoma (GOS) in Indian population was done and compared with the similar features in reported population based studies on GOS.Study designA computer aided English literature search was carried out by combing relevant search terms from the year 1981 till December 31st 2012. A total of 39 cases of gnathic osteosarcoma in Indian population from 27 published articles were compiled together and data regarding demographics, clinicopathologic features, histopathology, treatment aspects and future strategies were extracted.ResultGOS happens to occur at a younger age group (3rd decade). We observed a slight male predominance and mandible (59%) being the most commonly involved jaw. An unusually wide latency period ranging from 14 days to 6 years has been noticed. Possible association of osteoblastic variant of osteosarcoma with negative prognosis (58%) may be a significant finding of this review. Juxtacortical gnathic osteosarcoma (18%) cannot be considered as so rare in Indian population.ConclusionAlthough advanced treatment modalities are followed in Indian population there were many lacunae while reporting cases. Immunohistochemistry, laboratory assay of alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase and gene mapping of GOS patients should be part of the diagnostic protocol.