A rare case of maxillary osteomyelitis caused by Curvularia species

Orofacial fungal infections display different etiologies, pathogenesis, and clinical presentations. The incidence of rare mycoses of oral cavity is very low. We report a case of chronic invasive sinusitis caused by Curvularia infection which presented as osteomyelitis of maxilla. Intraoral manifestation of Curvularia infection is seldom reported in the literature. Most cases of fungal infection in immunocompetent patients present in a noninvasive fashion as an allergic fungal sinusitis. Sinusitis due to unusual fungal pathogens, like Curvularia, is thought to occur primarily in immunocompromised individuals and poorly controlled diabetics. Invasive fungal sinus disease has a very high morbidity and mortality. For optimal outcome, rapid diagnosis and reversal of the underlying condition is critical to success.