Analgesia in the management of paediatric and adolescent trauma during the resuscitative phase: The role of the pediatric trauma centre

BackgroundThe objective of this study was to evaluate the use of analgesia in the resuscitative phase of severely injured children and adolescents.MethodsA retrospective cohort of paediatric (age < 18 years), severely injured (ISS ≥ 12) patients were identified from the London Health Sciences Centre's Trauma Registry from 2007 to 2010. Variables were compared between Analgesia and Non-analgesia groups with Pearson Chi-square and Mann–Whitney U tests. Resuscitative analgesia use was assessed through multivariable logistic regression controlling for age, gender, mechanism, arrival and Trauma Team Activation (TTA).ResultsAnalgesia was used in 32% of cases. Univariate analysis did not reveal any differences in gender, age, injury type, injury profile and arrival patterns. Significant differences were found with analgesia used more frequently in patients injured in a motor vehicle collision (58% vs. 42%, p = 0.026) and having parents in the resuscitation room (17% vs. 6%, p = 0.01). Analgesia patients were more injured (median ISS 22 vs. 17, p = 0.027) and had 2.25 times more TTA (39% vs. 17%). Logistic regression revealed patients arriving directly to a trauma centre had a higher incidence of receiving analgesia (OR 2.01, 95% CI: 1.03–3.93), as did TTA (OR 2.18, 95% CI: 1.01–4.73) and having parents in resuscitation room (3.56, 95% CI: 1.23–10.33). Narcotics were most commonly used (85%), followed by benzodiazepines (16%), with 66% given during the primary survey.ConclusionUse of analgesia is important in the acute management of paediatric trauma. Direct presentation to a level I trauma centre, TTA and the presence of parents lead to higher appropriate use of analgesia in paediatric trauma resuscitation.