Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
3242735 | Injury | 2006 | 7 Pages |
Abstract
Fracture healing is a complex physiological post-natal process, which involves the coordination of several different cell types. Exploring the orchestration of events and the simultaneous activation of osteogenesis and chondrogenesis that recapitulates mammalian embryological skeletal development seems to be not only sophisticated but also challenging. A large number of genes involved in the above process are known, but many more remain to be discovered. The functional characterisation of these genes promises to elucidate the repair process as well as skeletal abnormalities and aging. We here review the current knowledge on early and late gene expression during fracture healing, the genes so far associated with osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation, the BMP antagonists, and the Wnts signalling pathway.
Keywords
OPNGLATIETRAPGDFSuppressive Subtractive Hybridisationc-fosECMBMPRPDGFFGFRWntsBSPTcf4OPGM-CSFGADD45ADlx5OSFTACC3BMP antagonistsTGF-βoncoprotein 18MMPRANKLSSHRUNX2Nrf2IGFBMPsc-MycESTsEts-1ALPAlkaline phosphataseAngiogeninOsteoprotegerinOsteopontinOsteocalcinFracture healingAnginterleukinGene expressiontransforming growth factor-βtumour necrosis factor-αExpressed sequence tagsCytokinesgrowth/differentiation factorTranscription factor 4runt related transcription factor 2macrophage colony stimulating factorVascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)platelet derived growth factorTNF-αextra-cellular matrixmatrix metallopeptidaseTranscriptomicsBMPProteomicsBone morphogenetic proteinCollCollagenTyrosine kinase receptorfibroblast growth factor receptorbone morphogenetic protein receptor
Related Topics
Health Sciences
Medicine and Dentistry
Emergency Medicine
Authors
Eleftherios Tsiridis, Peter V. Giannoudis,