Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
339418 | Schizophrenia Research | 2009 | 14 Pages |
BackgroundGiven the wealth of data in the literature on schizophrenia endophenotypes, it is useful to have one source to reference their frequency data. We reviewed the literature on disease-liability associated variants in structural and functional magnetic resonance images (MRI), sensory processing measures, neuromotor abilities, neuropsychological measures, and physical characteristics in schizophrenia patients (SCZ), their first-degree relatives (REL), and healthy controls (HC). The purpose of this review was to provide a summary of the existing data on the most extensively published endophenotypes for schizophrenia.MethodsWe searched PubMed and MedLine for all studies on schizophrenia endophenotypes comparing SCZ to HC and/or REL to HC groups. Percent abnormal values, generally defined as > 2 SD from the mean (in the direction of abnormality) and/or associated effect sizes (Cohen's d) were calculated for each study.ResultsCombined, the articles reported an average 39.4% (SD = 20.7%; range = 2.2–100%) of abnormal values in SCZ, 28.1% (SD = 16.6%; range = 1.6–67.0%) abnormal values in REL, and 10.2% (SD = 6.7%; range = 0.0–34.6%) in HC groups.ConclusionsThese findings are reviewed in the context of emerging hypotheses on schizophrenia endophenotypes, as well as a discussion of clustering trends among the various intermediate phenotypes. In addition, programs for future research are discussed, as instantiated in a few recent large-scale studies on multiple endophenotypes across patients, relatives, and healthy controls.