Time and identity: A framework for research and theory formation

This article presents a conceptual framework for the study of identity in the context of developmental and real-time. The framework consists of two dimensions related to the notion of time. One dimension involves the distinction between short- and long-term processes, or, as we call them, the micro- and macro-perspective on time. The second dimension focuses on the way time features in the explanation of change and development and concerns the distinction between static and dynamic approaches. Applying the framework to the existing literature on identity reveals empty slots in the descriptive space. Suggestions are given to fill one particular quadrant, the micro-dynamic field. Finally, we introduce dynamic systems theory as an integrative perspective on identity development. Dynamic systems theory serves as a basis to develop a theory of identity that does justice to the assumption that identity development is taking place on several interconnected time scales.