Article ID Journal Published Year Pages File Type
353565 Developmental Review 2011 17 Pages PDF
Abstract

In this paper, I discuss the current state of theorising about dual processes in adult performance on reasoning and decision making tasks, in which Type 1 intuitive processing is distinguished from Type 2 reflective thinking. I show that there are many types of theory some of which distinguish modes rather than types of thinking and that assumptions about underlying cognitive architecture vary. I show that some dual-system theories have been replaced recently by the idea that we have two or more distinct ‘minds’ with different evolutionary histories. I also present the most recent formulation of my own account of dual processing within hypothetical thinking theory, at a level more easily applied to performance on specific tasks. I then consider implications for cognitive development, pointing out that while Type 2 thinking is clearly linked to the development of cognitive ability, it combines and competes with multiple Type 1 processing systems which persist in adult cognition, each of which could have their own developmental time course. Hence, while dual-process theories can and should inspire much research and theory in cognitive development, the derivation of predictions for cognitive development is far from straightforward.

► Reviews contemporary issues in dual-process theories of reasoning and decision making. ► Presents the most recent version of the author’s own hypothetical thinking theory. ► Describes a new model of intervention with reflective thinking on default intuitions. ► Discusses application of dual-process theories to cognitive development. ► Identifies complexities and pitfalls in developmental applications.

Related Topics
Social Sciences and Humanities Psychology Developmental and Educational Psychology
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