Microalgal compounds modulate carcinogenesis in the gastrointestinal tract

Gastrointestinal cancers rank second in overall cancer-related deaths. Carotenoids, sulfated polysaccharides, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) from microalgae exhibit cancer chemopreventive features at different stages of carcinogenesis. For instance, sulfated polysaccharides bear a prophylactic potential via blocking adhesion of pathogens to the gastric surface, whereas carotenoids are effective against Helicobacter pylori infection. This effect is notable because H. pylori has been targeted as the primary cause of gastric cancer. Recent results on antitumor and antibacterial compounds synthesized by microalgae are reviewed here, with an emphasis on their impact upon H. pylori infection and derived pathologies accompanying the progression of gastric carcinogenesis.

► Helicobacter pylori is labeled as the primary cause of gastric cancer. ► Microalgal sulfated polysaccharides block adhesion of H. pylori to stomach mucosa. ► Microalgal astaxanthin also possesses immunomodulatory action upon infection by H. pylori. ► Microalgal carotenoids and PUFA possess anticancer features.