Genetically engineered oil-eating microbes for bioremediation: Prospects and regulatory challenges

The use of genetic engineering to enhance the natural capacity of microorganisms for remediation has become very promising with new scientific discoveries occurring every year. Unfortunately, the application and commercialization of this technology has not kept pace with these research discoveries. This article uses two examples of genetically engineered microorganisms that were designed but never deployed in the clean-up of wastes to show how the application of genetically engineered microbes for bioremediation has not progressed in line with other biotechnological innovations. We argue that a more risk-based regulatory environment that fosters commercialization is important. In addition, we show how scientists could foster the commercialization of genetically engineered microbes for bioremediation through the use of technical safeguards and the consideration of regulatory challenges at the onset of their research. The lessons provided by these challenges could be applicable to current biotechnological innovations that face similar regulatory challenges.