Innovation, change, and order: Reflections on science and technology in India, China, and the United States

A comparative analysis of science and technology policies in China, India, and the United States shows striking similarities and sharp contrasts. These differences reveal much about the current problems and likely prospects in each country. This review distills the contributions of 15 distinguished leaders in science and technology who assess national goals and international ambitions. The review covers five themes: education, defense and space, R&D performers, science and technology in the economy, and governmental policies and funding. Other issues include: economic freedom, global competitiveness, energy and the environment, and population and demographic trends. Brief historical highlights provide context for understanding past trends in the present socioeconomic setting.