Malignant melanoma arising in a mature teratoma: A case report with review of the recent literature

•We describe a young woman case who initially underwent evaluation for infertility.•Later she was found to have malignant melanoma arising in a mature dermoid cyst.•She subsequently underwent USO with staging procedure with benign pathology.•There was no need for adjuvant therapy and the patient is without disease to date.•We reviewed the existing literature and this is one of only a few cases documented.

Mature cystic teratomas constitute 10–20% of all ovarian neoplasms. Malignant transformation is very rare occurring in only 0.1–2% of mature teratoma cases. Malignant melanoma is among the least common transformations. Herein, we describe a case of young woman initially undergoing evaluation for infertility who was found to have malignant melanoma arising in a mature dermoid cyst. She subsequently underwent unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy with staging procedure with benign pathology. There was no need for adjuvant therapy and the patient is without disease to date (nearly 10-months in follow-up now). We reviewed the existing literature and this is one of only a few cases documented in the last decade.