Mixture ensemble Kalman filters

A generic algorithmic framework for nonlinear ensemble filtering based on Gaussian mixtures and fuzzy clustering techniques is introduced. The framework generalizes the ensemble Kalman filter and relaxes the assumption of a Gaussian prediction distribution. A theoretical analysis of the proposed procedure is provided, establishing strong consistency under suitable assumptions. Specific implementations are discussed and adjustments that are necessary in high-dimensional settings are proposed. A simple implementation of the filter is shown to work well in common testbeds, providing substantial gains over the ensemble Kalman filter.