Hypomorphic Mutation in the Site-1 Protease Mbtps1 Endows Resistance to Persistent Viral Infection in a Cell-Specific Manner

SummaryThe prototypic arenavirus lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), which naturally persists in rodents, represents a model for HIV, HBV, and HCV. Cleavage of the viral glycoprotein precursor by membrane-bound transcription factor peptidase, site 1 (Mbtps1 or site-1 protease), is crucial for the life cycle of arenaviruses and therefore represents a potential target for therapy. Recently, we reported a viable hypomorphic allele of Mbtps1 (woodrat) encoding a protease with diminished enzymatic activity. Using the woodrat allele, we examine the role of Mbtps1 during persistent LCMV infection. Surprisingly, Mbtps1 inhibition limits persistent but not acute viral infection and is associated with an organ/cell type-specific decrease in viral titers. Analysis of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells from woodrat mice supports their specific role in resolving persistent viral infection. These results support in vivo targeting of Mbtps1 in the treatment of arenavirus infections and demonstrate a critical role for dendritic cells in persistent viral infections.

Graphical AbstractFigure optionsDownload full-size imageDownload high-quality image (176 K)Download as PowerPoint slideHighlights► Hypomorphic Mbtps1 mutation protects against persistent viral infection ► Mbtps1-endowed protection is cell/organ specific ► Protection maps to ineffective Mtbps1 cleavage of GPC after the RRLA recognition site ► Mbtps1 mutant dendritic cells protect against persistent viral infection