Perception-based audio watermarking scheme in the compressed bitstream

In this paper, a new perception-based watermarking scheme for MPEG-4 scalable to lossless (SLS) audio is proposed. Under the control of the psychoacoustic model, the significant part of integer modified discrete cosine transform (IntMDCT) coefficients are adaptively modified during MPEG-4 SLS audio compression taking robustness, imperceptibility and security into consideration. The chaotic watermark generated by chaos is simply embedded to ensure security. Moreover, the adaptive spread spectrum method is exploited to further tradeoff robustness and transparency of this scheme. Extensive experimental results confirm that the proposed scheme is robust against common signal processing attacks while the inaudibility of the scheme is preserved.